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"Exhaust Gas Recirculation
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective strategy to control NOx emissions from diesel engines. The EGR reduces NOx through lowering the oxygen concentration in the combustion chamber, as well as through heat absorption. Several configurations have been proposed, including high- and low-pressure loop EGR, as well as hybrid systems. NOx emissions may be further reduced by cooled EGR, in which recirculated exhaust gas is cooled in an EGR cooler using jacket water. Drawbacks of EGR include increased PM emissions and fuel consumption.
EGR Systems & Components
EGR systems have been commercialized as a NOx reduction method for both light- and heavy-duty diesel engines. The main components of EGR systems are EGR valves and EGR coolers. Production style EGR systems utilize electronic EGR control, in open or closed loop control layout, which has to provide precise EGR rates and proper A/F ratios in order to achieve their NOx reduction targets while minimizing PM and fuel economy penalty. Even more precise A/F ratio control is possible with variable geometry turbochargers and electrically driven chargers. EGR systems have to be also designed to minimize the potential engine durability issues."